This makes the typeclass mechanism able to use instances like [Is_true X -> Blah], where X reduces to X.

Before this commit, given "HP" : P and "H" : P -★ Q with Q persistent, one
could write:

  iSpecialize ("H" with "#HP")

to eliminate the wand in "H" while keeping the resource "HP". The lemma:

  own_valid : own γ x ⊢ ✓ x

was the prototypical example where this pattern (using the #) was used.

However, the pattern was too limited. For example, given "H" : P₁ -★ P₂ -★ Q",
one could not write iSpecialize ("H" with "#HP₁") because P₂ -★ Q is not
persistent, even when Q is.

So, instead, this commit introduces the following tactic:

  iSpecialize pm_trm as #

which allows one to eliminate implications and wands while being able to use
all hypotheses to prove the premises, as well as being able to use all
hypotheses to prove the resulting goal.

In the case of iDestruct, we now check whether all branches of the introduction
pattern start with an `#` (moving the hypothesis to the persistent context) or
`%` (moving the hypothesis to the pure Coq context). If this is the case, we
allow one to use all hypotheses for proving the premises, as well as for proving
the resulting goal.

rvs is (classically) equivalent to a kind of double negation

Proofs showing that rvs is equivalent to a kind of step-indexed double negation modality under classical axioms. For now, placed in algebra/double_negation.v until the new directory structure is finalized.

cc: @jung @robbertkrebbers 

See merge request !8

Define disjointness of namespaces in terms of masks.\n\nThe proofs are made simpler and some lemmas get more general.

I had to perform some renaming to avoid name clashes.

Annoyingly, this requires one to prove the following in the model:

  (∀ x : A, ■ φ x) ⊢ ■ (∀ x : A, φ x)

Thanks to Ranald Clouston for suggesting the axiom:

  ▷ P ⊢ ▷ False ∨ (▷ False → P)

This axiom is used to prove timeless of implication, wand and forall.

Timelessness of the pure and ownM connectives is still proven in the model, but
we first state the property in a way that it does not involved derived notions
(like the except_last modality).