Use `SProp` to obtain better definitional equality for `pmap`, `gmap`, `gset`, `Qp`, and `coPset`

This MR ensures that more equalities hold definitionally, and can thus be proved by reflexivity or even by conversion as part of unification.

For example 1/4 + 3/4 = 1, or {[ 1 := 1; 2 := 2 ]} = {[ 2 := 2; 1 := 1 ]}, or {[ 1 ]} ∖ {[ 1 ]} = ∅ can be proved using a mere reflexivity with this MR. Moreover, if you have a goal that involves, say 1/4 + 3/4, then you can just apply a lemma involving 1 because both are convertible.

This MR is based on !189 (closed) but makes various changes:

• Use Squash instead of sUnit to ensure that coqchk comes back clean.
• Make the proofs of data structures like pmap and gmap opaque so that we obtain O(log n) operations. This MR includes some tests, but they are commented out because such timings cannot be tested by CI.
• Use SProp for coPset and Qp (!189 (closed) only considered pmap, gmap, and gset)
  • The change for coPset was pretty simple, but instead of a Sigma type, I had to use a record with an SProp field.
  • The change for Qp was more involved. Qp was originally defined in terms of Qc from the Coq standard lib, which itself is a Q + a Prop proof. Due to the Prop proof, I could no longer use Qc and had to inline an SProp version of Qp. In the process, I also decided to no longer use Q, which is defined as a pair of a Z and a positive, but just use pairs of positives. That avoids the need for a proof of the fraction being positive. None of these changes should be visible in the Qp API.

This MR changes the implementations of the aforementioned data structures, but their APIs should not have changed.

Fixes #85

theories/numbers.v

@@ -721,6 +721,11 @@ Qed.
 Local Close Scope Qc_scope.
 
 (** * Positive rationals *)
+(** We define the type [Qp] of positive rationals as fractions of positives with
+an [SProp]-based proof that ensures the fraction is in canonical form (i.e., its
+gcd is 1). Note that we do not define [Qp] as a subset (i.e., Sigma) of the
+standard library's [Qc]. The type [Qc] uses a [Prop]-based proof for canonicity
+of the fraction. *)
 Definition Qp_red (q : positive * positive) : positive * positive :=
   (Pos.ggcd (q.1) (q.2)).2.
 Definition Qp_wf (q : positive * positive) : SProp :=