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## Theory of Actris
The theory of Actris (semantics of channels, the model, and the proof rules)
can be found in the directory [theories/channel](theories/channel). The files
correspond to the following parts of the paper:
can be found in the directory [theories/channel](theories/channel).
The individual types contain the following:
- [theories/channel/channel.v](theories/channel/channel.v): The definitional
semantics of bidirectional channels in terms of Iris's HeapLang language.
- [theories/channel/proto_model.v](theories/channel/proto_model.v): The
construction of the model of Dependent Separation Protocols as the solution of
construction of the model of dependent separation protocols as the solution of
a recursive domain equation.
- [theories/channel/proto_channel.v](theories/channel/proto_channel.v): The
- [theories/channel/proto.v](theories/channel/proto.v): The
instantiation of protocols with the Iris logic, definition of the connective `↣`
for channel endpoint ownership, and lemmas corresponding to the Actris proof rules.
The relevant definitions and proof rules are as follows:
+ `iProto Σ`: The type of protocols.
+ `iProto_message`: The constructor for sends and receives.
+ `iProto_end`: The constructor for terminated protocols.
+ `iProto_le`: The subprotocol relation for protocols.
- [theories/channel/channel.v](theories/channel/channel.v): The encoding of
bidirectional channels in terms of Iris's HeapLang language, with specifications
defined in terms of the dependent separation protocols.
The relevant definitions and proof rules are as follows:
+ `mapsto_proto`: endpoint ownership `↣`.
+ `new_chan_proto_spec`: proof rule for `new_chan`.
+ `send_proto_spec` and `send_proto_spec_packed`: proof rules for `send`, the
first version is more convenient to use in Coq, but otherwise the same as
the latter, which is the rule in the paper.
the latter, which is a more legible rule.
+ `recv_proto_spec` and `recv_proto_spec_packed`: proof rules for `recv`, the
first version is more convenient to use in Coq, but otherwise the same as
the latter, which is the rule in the paper.
the latter, which is a more legible rule.
+ `select_spec`: proof rule for `select`.
+ `branch_spec`: proof rule for `branch`.
## Notation
The following table gives a mapping between the notation in the paper and the
Coq mechanization:
The following table gives a mapping between the official notation in literature
and the Coq mechanization:
| | Paper | Coq mechanization |
| | Literature | Coq mechanization |
|--------|-------------------------------|---------------------------------------|
| Send | `! x_1 .. x_n <v>{ P }. prot` | `<!> x_1 .. x_n, MSG v {{ P }}; prot` |
| Recv | `? x_1 .. x_n <v>{ P }. prot` | `<?> x_1 .. x_n, MSG v {{ P }}; prot` |
| Send | `! x_1 .. x_n <v>{ P }. prot` | `<! x_1 .. x_n> MSG v {{ P }}; prot` |
| Recv | `? x_1 .. x_n <v>{ P }. prot` | `<? x_1 .. x_n> MSG v {{ P }}; prot` |
| End | `end` | `END` |
| Select | `prot_1 {Q_1}⊕{Q_2} prot_2` | `prot_1 <{Q_1}+{Q_2}> prot_2` |
| Branch | `prot_1 {Q_1}&{Q_2} prot_2` | `prot_1 <{Q_1}&{Q_2}> prot_2` |
| Append | `prot_1 · prot_2` | `prot_1 <++> prot_2` |
| Dual | An overlined protocol | No notation |
## Weakest preconditions and Coq tactics
The presentation of Actris logic in the paper makes use of Hoare triples. In
Coq, we make use of weakest preconditions because these are more convenient for
interactive theorem proving using the the [proof mode tactics][ProofMode]. To
state concise program specifications, we use the notion of *Texan Triples* from
Iris, which provides a convenient "Hoare triple"-like syntax around weakest
preconditions:
```
{{{ P }}} e {{{ x .. y, RET v; Q }}} :=
□ ∀ Φ, P -∗ ▷ (∀ x .. y, Q -∗ Φ v) -∗ WP e {{ Φ }}
```
## Coq tactics
In order to prove programs using Actris, one can make use of a combination of
[Iris's symbolic execution tactics for HeapLang programs][HeapLang] and
......@@ -116,71 +107,46 @@ Concretely, the normalization performs the following actions:
[ProofMode]: https://gitlab.mpi-sws.org/iris/iris/blob/master/ProofMode.md
[ActrisProofMode]: theories/channel/proofmode.v
## Examples
The examples can be found in the direction [theories/examples](theories/examples).
The following list gives a mapping between the examples in the paper and their
mechanization in Coq:
1. Introduction: [theories/examples/basics.v](theories/examples/basics.v)
2. Tour of Actris
- 2.3 Basic: [theories/examples/sort.v](theories/examples/sort.v)
- 2.4 Higher-Order Functions: [theories/examples/sort.v](theories/examples/sort.v)
- 2.5 Branching: [theories/examples/sort_br_del.v](theories/examples/sort_br_del.v)
- 2.6 Recursion: [theories/examples/sort_br_del.v](theories/examples/sort_br_del.v)
- 2.7 Delegation: [theories/examples/sort_br_del.v](theories/examples/sort_br_del.v)
- 2.8 Dependent: [theories/examples/sort_fg.v](theories/examples/sort_fg.v)
3. Manifest sharing via locks
- 3.1 Sample program: [theories/examples/basics.v](theories/examples/basics.v)
- 3.2 Distributed mapper: [theories/examples/map.v](theories/examples/map.v)
4. Case study: map reduce:
- Utilities for shuffling/grouping: [theories/utils/group.v](theories/utils/group.v)
- Implementation and verification: [theories/examples/map_reduce.v](theories/examples/map_reduce.v)
## Differences between the formalization and the paper
There are a number of small differences between the paper presentation
of Actris and the formalization in Coq, that are briefly discussed here.
- **Notation**
See the section "Notation" above.
- **Weakest preconditions versus Hoare triples**
See the section "Weakest preconditions and Coq tactics" above.
- **Connectives for physical ownership of channels**
In the paper, physical ownership of a channel is formalized using a single
connective `(c1,c2) ↣ (vs1,vs2)`, while the mechanization has two connectives
for the endpoints and one for connecting them, namely:
- `chan_own γ Left vs1` and `chan_own γ Right vs1`
- `is_chan N γ c1 c2`
Here, `γ` is a ghost name and `N` an invariant name. This setup is less
intuitive but gives rise to a more practical Jacobs/Piessens-style spec of
`recv` that does not need a closing view shift (to handle the case that the
buffer is empty).
- **Later modalities in primitive rules for channels**
The primitive rules for `send` and `recv` (`send_spec` and `recv_spec` in
[theories/channel/channel.v](theories/channel/channel.v)) contain three later
(`▷`) modalities, which are omitted for brevity's sake in the paper. These
later modalities expose that these operations perform at least three steps in
the operational semantics, and are needed to deal with the three levels of
indirection in the invariant for protocols:
1. the `▶` in the model of protocols,
2. the higher-order ghost state used for ownership of protocols, and
3. the opening of the protocol invariant.
- **Protocol subtyping**
The mechanization has introduced the notion of "protocol subtyping", which
allows one to strengthen/weaken the predicates of sends/receives, respectively.
This achieved using the relation `iProto_le p p'`, and the additional rule
`c ↣ p -∗ iProto_le p p' -∗ c ↣ p'`. To support "protocol subtyping", the
definition of `c ↣ p` in the model is changed to be closed under `iProto_le`.
## Semantic Session Type System
The logical relation for type safety of a semantic session type system is contained
in the directory [theories/logrel](theories/logrel). The logical relation is
defined across the following files:
- [theories/logrel/model.v](theories/logrel/model.v): Definition of the
notions of a semantic term type and a semantic session type in terms of
unary Iris predicates (on values) and Actris protocols, respectively. Also
provides the required Coq definitions for creating recursive term/session
types.
- [theories/logrel/term_types.v](theories/logrel/term_types.v): Definitions
of the following semantic term types: basic types (integers, booleans,
unit), sums, products, copyable/affine functions, universally and
existentially quantified types, unique/shared references, and
session-typed channels.
- [theories/logrel/session_types.v](theories/logrel/session_types.v):
Definitions of the following semantic session types: sending and receiving
with session polymorphism, n-ary choice. Session type duality is also
defined here. As mentioned, recursive session types can be defined using
the mechanism defined in [theories/logrel/model.v](theories/logrel/model.v).
- [theories/logrel/environments.v](theories/logrel/environments.v):
Definition of semantic type environments, which are used in the semantic
typing relation. This also contains the rules for splitting and copying of
environments, which is used for distributing affine resources across the
various parts of the program inside the typing rules.
- [theories/logrel/term_typing_judgment.v](theories/logrel/term_typing_judgment.v):
Definition of the semantic typing relation, as well as the proof of type
soundness, showing that semantically well-typed programs do not get stuck.
- [theories/logrel/subtyping.v](theories/logrel/subtyping.v): Definition of
the semantic subtyping relation for both term and session types. This file
also defines the notion of copyability of types in terms of subtyping.
- [theories/logrel/term_typing_rules.v](theories/logrel/term_typing_rules.v):
Semantic typing lemmas (typing rules) for the semantic term types.
- [theories/logrel/session_typing_rules.v](theories/logrel/session.v):
Semantic typing lemmas (typing rules) for the semantic session types.
- [theories/logrel/subtyping_rules.v](theories/logrel/subtyping_rules.v):
Subtyping rules for term types and session types.
An extension to the basic type system is given in
[theories/logrel/lib/mutex.v](theories/logrel/lib/mutex.v), which defines
mutexes as a type-safe abstraction. Mutexes are implemented using spin locks
and allow one to gain exclusive ownership of resource shared between multiple
threads.
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