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Commit e5c727d8 authored by Ralf Jung's avatar Ralf Jung
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...@@ -9,10 +9,11 @@ language for simple examples. ...@@ -9,10 +9,11 @@ language for simple examples.
HeapLang is a lambda-calculus with operations to allocate individual locations, HeapLang is a lambda-calculus with operations to allocate individual locations,
`load`, `store`, `CAS` (compare-and-swap) and `FAA` (fetch-and-add). Moreover, `load`, `store`, `CAS` (compare-and-swap) and `FAA` (fetch-and-add). Moreover,
it has a `fork` construct to spawn new threads. In terms of values, we have it has a `fork` construct to spawn new threads. In terms of values, we have
integers, booleans, unit, heap locations as well as (binary) sums and products. integers, booleans, unit, heap locations, as well as (binary) sums and products.
Functions are the only binders, so the sum elimination (`Case`) expects both Recursive functions are the only binders, so the sum elimination (`Case`)
branches to be of function type and passes them the data component of the sum. expects both branches to be of function type and passes them the data component
of the sum.
For technical reasons, the only terms that are considered values are those that For technical reasons, the only terms that are considered values are those that
begin with the `Val` expression former. This means that, for example, `Pair begin with the `Val` expression former. This means that, for example, `Pair
...@@ -20,8 +21,8 @@ begin with the `Val` expression former. This means that, for example, `Pair ...@@ -20,8 +21,8 @@ begin with the `Val` expression former. This means that, for example, `Pair
This leads to some administrative redexes, and to a distinction between "value This leads to some administrative redexes, and to a distinction between "value
pairs", "value sums", "value closures" and their "expression" counterparts. pairs", "value sums", "value closures" and their "expression" counterparts.
However, this also makes values very syntactically uniform, which we exploit in However, this also makes values syntactically uniform, which we exploit in the
the definition of substitution which just skips over `Val` terms, because values definition of substitution which just skips over `Val` terms, because values
should be closed and hence not affected by substitution. As a consequence, we should be closed and hence not affected by substitution. As a consequence, we
can entirely avoid even talking about "closed terms", that notion just does not can entirely avoid even talking about "closed terms", that notion just does not
have to come up anywhere. We also exploit this when writing specifications, have to come up anywhere. We also exploit this when writing specifications,
...@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ eagerly. ...@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ eagerly.
## Tactics ## Tactics
HeapLang coms with a bunch of tactics that facilitate stepping through HeaLang HeapLang comes with a bunch of tactics that facilitate stepping through HeapLang
programs as part of proving a weakest precondition. All of these tactics assume programs as part of proving a weakest precondition. All of these tactics assume
that the current goal is of the shape `WP e @ E {{ Q }}`. that the current goal is of the shape `WP e @ E {{ Q }}`.
...@@ -72,22 +73,22 @@ Tactics to take one or more pure program steps: ...@@ -72,22 +73,22 @@ Tactics to take one or more pure program steps:
Tactics for the heap: Tactics for the heap:
- `wp_alloc l as "H"`: Reduce an allocation instruction and call the new - `wp_alloc l as "H"`: Reduce an allocation instruction and call the new
location `l` (in the Coq context) and the assertion that we own it `H` (in the location `l` (in the Coq context) and the points-to assertion `H` (in the
spatial context). You can leave away the `as "H"` to introduce it as an spatial context). You can leave away the `as "H"` to introduce it as an
anonymous assertion, i.e., that is equivalent to `as "?"`. anonymous assertion, i.e., that is equivalent to `as "?"`.
- `wp_load`: Reduce a load operation. This automatically finds the necessary - `wp_load`: Reduce a load operation. This automatically finds the points-to
ownership in the spatial context, and fails if it cannot be found. assertion in the spatial context, and fails if it cannot be found.
- `wp_store`: Reduce a store operation. This automatically finds the necessary - `wp_store`: Reduce a store operation. This automatically finds the points-to
ownership in the spatial context, and fails if it cannot be found. assertion in the spatial context, and fails if it cannot be found.
- `wp_cas_suc`, `wp_cas_fail`: Reduce a succeeding/failing CAS. This - `wp_cas_suc`, `wp_cas_fail`: Reduce a succeeding/failing CAS. This
automatically finds the necessary ownership. It also automatically tries to automatically finds the points-to assertion. It also automatically tries to
solve the (in)equality to show that the CAS succeeds/fails, and opens a new solve the (in)equality to show that the CAS succeeds/fails, and opens a new
goal if it cannot prove this goal. goal if it cannot prove this goal.
- `wp_cas as H1 | H2`: Reduce a CAS, performing a case distinction over whether - `wp_cas as H1 | H2`: Reduce a CAS, performing a case distinction over whether
it succeeds or fails. This automatically finds the necessary ownership. The it succeeds or fails. This automatically finds the points-to assertion. The
proof of equality in the first new subgoal will be called `H1`, and the proof proof of equality in the first new subgoal will be called `H1`, and the proof
of the inequality in the second new subgoal will be called `H2`. of the inequality in the second new subgoal will be called `H2`.
- `wp_faa`: Reduce a FAA. This automatically finds the necessary ownership. - `wp_faa`: Reduce a FAA. This automatically finds the points-to assertion.
Further tactics: Further tactics:
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