cmra.v

From algebra Require Export cofe.

Class Unit (A : Type) := unit : A → A.
Instance: Params (@unit) 2.

Class Op (A : Type) := op : A → A → A.
Instance: Params (@op) 2.
Infix "⋅" := op (at level 50, left associativity) : C_scope.
Notation "(⋅)" := op (only parsing) : C_scope.

Definition included `{Equiv A, Op A} (x y : A) := ∃ z, y ≡ x ⋅ z.
Infix "≼" := included (at level 70) : C_scope.
Notation "(≼)" := included (only parsing) : C_scope.
Hint Extern 0 (_ ≼ _) => reflexivity.
Instance: Params (@included) 3.

Class Minus (A : Type) := minus : A → A → A.
Instance: Params (@minus) 2.
Infix "⩪" := minus (at level 40) : C_scope.

Class ValidN (A : Type) := validN : nat → A → Prop.
Instance: Params (@validN) 3.
Notation "✓{ n } x" := (validN n x)
  (at level 20, n at next level, format "✓{ n }  x").

Class Valid (A : Type) := valid : A → Prop.
Instance: Params (@valid) 2.
Notation "✓ x" := (valid x) (at level 20) : C_scope.
Instance validN_valid `{ValidN A} : Valid A := λ x, ∀ n, ✓{n} x.

Definition includedN `{Dist A, Op A} (n : nat) (x y : A) := ∃ z, y ≡{n}≡ x ⋅ z.
Notation "x ≼{ n } y" := (includedN n x y)
  (at level 70, n at next level, format "x  ≼{ n }  y") : C_scope.
Instance: Params (@includedN) 4.
Hint Extern 0 (_ ≼{_} _) => reflexivity.

Record CMRAMixin A `{Dist A, Equiv A, Unit A, Op A, ValidN A, Minus A} := {
  (* setoids *)
  mixin_cmra_op_ne n (x : A) : Proper (dist n ==> dist n) (op x);
  mixin_cmra_unit_ne n : Proper (dist n ==> dist n) unit;
  mixin_cmra_validN_ne n : Proper (dist n ==> impl) (validN n);
  mixin_cmra_minus_ne n : Proper (dist n ==> dist n ==> dist n) minus;
  (* valid *)
  mixin_cmra_validN_S n x : ✓{S n} x → ✓{n} x;
  (* monoid *)
  mixin_cmra_assoc : Assoc (≡) (⋅);
  mixin_cmra_comm : Comm (≡) (⋅);
  mixin_cmra_unit_l x : unit x ⋅ x ≡ x;
  mixin_cmra_unit_idemp x : unit (unit x) ≡ unit x;
  mixin_cmra_unit_preservingN n x y : x ≼{n} y → unit x ≼{n} unit y;
  mixin_cmra_validN_op_l n x y : ✓{n} (x ⋅ y) → ✓{n} x;
  mixin_cmra_op_minus n x y : x ≼{n} y → x ⋅ y ⩪ x ≡{n}≡ y;
  mixin_cmra_extend n x y1 y2 :
    ✓{n} x → x ≡{n}≡ y1 ⋅ y2 →
    { z | x ≡ z.1 ⋅ z.2 ∧ z.1 ≡{n}≡ y1 ∧ z.2 ≡{n}≡ y2 }
}.

(** Bundeled version *)
Structure cmraT := CMRAT {
  cmra_car :> Type;
  cmra_equiv : Equiv cmra_car;
  cmra_dist : Dist cmra_car;
  cmra_compl : Compl cmra_car;
  cmra_unit : Unit cmra_car;
  cmra_op : Op cmra_car;
  cmra_validN : ValidN cmra_car;
  cmra_minus : Minus cmra_car;
  cmra_cofe_mixin : CofeMixin cmra_car;
  cmra_mixin : CMRAMixin cmra_car
}.
Arguments CMRAT {_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _} _ _.
Arguments cmra_car : simpl never.
Arguments cmra_equiv : simpl never.
Arguments cmra_dist : simpl never.
Arguments cmra_compl : simpl never.
Arguments cmra_unit : simpl never.
Arguments cmra_op : simpl never.
Arguments cmra_validN : simpl never.
Arguments cmra_minus : simpl never.
Arguments cmra_cofe_mixin : simpl never.
Arguments cmra_mixin : simpl never.
Add Printing Constructor cmraT.
Existing Instances cmra_unit cmra_op cmra_validN cmra_minus.
Coercion cmra_cofeC (A : cmraT) : cofeT := CofeT (cmra_cofe_mixin A).
Canonical Structure cmra_cofeC.

(** Lifting properties from the mixin *)
Section cmra_mixin.
  Context {A : cmraT}.
  Implicit Types x y : A.
  Global Instance cmra_op_ne n (x : A) : Proper (dist n ==> dist n) (op x).
  Proof. apply (mixin_cmra_op_ne _ (cmra_mixin A)). Qed.
  Global Instance cmra_unit_ne n : Proper (dist n ==> dist n) (@unit A _).
  Proof. apply (mixin_cmra_unit_ne _ (cmra_mixin A)). Qed.
  Global Instance cmra_validN_ne n : Proper (dist n ==> impl) (@validN A _ n).
  Proof. apply (mixin_cmra_validN_ne _ (cmra_mixin A)). Qed.
  Global Instance cmra_minus_ne n :
    Proper (dist n ==> dist n ==> dist n) (@minus A _).
  Proof. apply (mixin_cmra_minus_ne _ (cmra_mixin A)). Qed.
  Lemma cmra_validN_S n x : ✓{S n} x → ✓{n} x.
  Proof. apply (mixin_cmra_validN_S _ (cmra_mixin A)). Qed.
  Global Instance cmra_assoc : Assoc (≡) (@op A _).
  Proof. apply (mixin_cmra_assoc _ (cmra_mixin A)). Qed.
  Global Instance cmra_comm : Comm (≡) (@op A _).
  Proof. apply (mixin_cmra_comm _ (cmra_mixin A)). Qed.
  Lemma cmra_unit_l x : unit x ⋅ x ≡ x.
  Proof. apply (mixin_cmra_unit_l _ (cmra_mixin A)). Qed.
  Lemma cmra_unit_idemp x : unit (unit x) ≡ unit x.
  Proof. apply (mixin_cmra_unit_idemp _ (cmra_mixin A)). Qed.
  Lemma cmra_unit_preservingN n x y : x ≼{n} y → unit x ≼{n} unit y.
  Proof. apply (mixin_cmra_unit_preservingN _ (cmra_mixin A)). Qed.
  Lemma cmra_validN_op_l n x y : ✓{n} (x ⋅ y) → ✓{n} x.
  Proof. apply (mixin_cmra_validN_op_l _ (cmra_mixin A)). Qed.
  Lemma cmra_op_minus n x y : x ≼{n} y → x ⋅ y ⩪ x ≡{n}≡ y.
  Proof. apply (mixin_cmra_op_minus _ (cmra_mixin A)). Qed.
  Lemma cmra_extend n x y1 y2 :
    ✓{n} x → x ≡{n}≡ y1 ⋅ y2 →
    { z | x ≡ z.1 ⋅ z.2 ∧ z.1 ≡{n}≡ y1 ∧ z.2 ≡{n}≡ y2 }.
  Proof. apply (mixin_cmra_extend _ (cmra_mixin A)). Qed.
End cmra_mixin.

(** * CMRAs with a global identity element *)
(** We use the notation ∅ because for most instances (maps, sets, etc) the
`empty' element is the global identity. *)
Class CMRAIdentity (A : cmraT) `{Empty A} : Prop := {
  cmra_empty_valid : ✓ ∅;
  cmra_empty_left_id :> LeftId (≡) ∅ (⋅);
  cmra_empty_timeless :> Timeless ∅
}.
Instance cmra_identity_inhabited `{CMRAIdentity A} : Inhabited A := populate ∅.

(** * Morphisms *)
Class CMRAMonotone {A B : cmraT} (f : A → B) := {
  includedN_preserving n x y : x ≼{n} y → f x ≼{n} f y;
  validN_preserving n x : ✓{n} x → ✓{n} f x
}.

(** * Local updates *)
(** The idea is that lemams taking this class will usually have L explicit,
    and leave Lv implicit - it will be inferred by the typeclass machinery. *)
Class LocalUpdate {A : cmraT} (Lv : A → Prop) (L : A → A) := {
  local_update_ne n :> Proper (dist n ==> dist n) L;
  local_updateN n x y : Lv x → ✓{n} (x ⋅ y) → L (x ⋅ y) ≡{n}≡ L x ⋅ y
}.
Arguments local_updateN {_ _} _ {_} _ _ _ _ _.

(** * Frame preserving updates *)
Definition cmra_updateP {A : cmraT} (x : A) (P : A → Prop) := ∀ n z,
  ✓{n} (x ⋅ z) → ∃ y, P y ∧ ✓{n} (y ⋅ z).
Instance: Params (@cmra_updateP) 1.
Infix "~~>:" := cmra_updateP (at level 70).
Definition cmra_update {A : cmraT} (x y : A) := ∀ n z,
  ✓{n} (x ⋅ z) → ✓{n} (y ⋅ z).
Infix "~~>" := cmra_update (at level 70).
Instance: Params (@cmra_update) 1.

(** * Properties **)
Section cmra.
Context {A : cmraT}.
Implicit Types x y z : A.
Implicit Types xs ys zs : list A.

(** ** Setoids *)
Global Instance cmra_unit_proper : Proper ((≡) ==> (≡)) (@unit A _).
Proof. apply (ne_proper _). Qed.
Global Instance cmra_op_ne' n : Proper (dist n ==> dist n ==> dist n) (@op A _).
Proof.
  intros x1 x2 Hx y1 y2 Hy.
  by rewrite Hy (comm _ x1) Hx (comm _ y2).
Qed.
Global Instance ra_op_proper' : Proper ((≡) ==> (≡) ==> (≡)) (@op A _).
Proof. apply (ne_proper_2 _). Qed.
Global Instance cmra_validN_ne' : Proper (dist n ==> iff) (@validN A _ n) | 1.
Proof. by split; apply cmra_validN_ne. Qed.
Global Instance cmra_validN_proper : Proper ((≡) ==> iff) (@validN A _ n) | 1.
Proof. by intros n x1 x2 Hx; apply cmra_validN_ne', equiv_dist. Qed.
Global Instance cmra_minus_proper : Proper ((≡) ==> (≡) ==> (≡)) (@minus A _).
Proof. apply (ne_proper_2 _). Qed.

Global Instance cmra_valid_proper : Proper ((≡) ==> iff) (@valid A _).
Proof. by intros x y Hxy; split; intros ? n; [rewrite -Hxy|rewrite Hxy]. Qed.
Global Instance cmra_includedN_ne n :
  Proper (dist n ==> dist n ==> iff) (@includedN A _ _ n) | 1.
Proof.
  intros x x' Hx y y' Hy.
  by split; intros [z ?]; exists z; [rewrite -Hx -Hy|rewrite Hx Hy].
Qed.
Global Instance cmra_includedN_proper n :
  Proper ((≡) ==> (≡) ==> iff) (@includedN A _ _ n) | 1.
Proof.
  intros x x' Hx y y' Hy; revert Hx Hy; rewrite !equiv_dist=> Hx Hy.
  by rewrite (Hx n) (Hy n).
Qed.
Global Instance cmra_included_proper :
  Proper ((≡) ==> (≡) ==> iff) (@included A _ _) | 1.
Proof.
  intros x x' Hx y y' Hy.
  by split; intros [z ?]; exists z; [rewrite -Hx -Hy|rewrite Hx Hy].
Qed.
Global Instance cmra_update_proper :
  Proper ((≡) ==> (≡) ==> iff) (@cmra_update A).
Proof.
  intros x1 x2 Hx y1 y2 Hy; split=>? n z; [rewrite -Hx -Hy|rewrite Hx Hy]; auto.
Qed.
Global Instance cmra_updateP_proper :
  Proper ((≡) ==> pointwise_relation _ iff ==> iff) (@cmra_updateP A).
Proof.
  intros x1 x2 Hx P1 P2 HP; split=>Hup n z;
    [rewrite -Hx; setoid_rewrite <-HP|rewrite Hx; setoid_rewrite HP]; auto.
Qed.

(** ** Validity *)
Lemma cmra_valid_validN x : ✓ x ↔ ∀ n, ✓{n} x.
Proof. done. Qed.
Lemma cmra_validN_le n n' x : ✓{n} x → n' ≤ n → ✓{n'} x.
Proof. induction 2; eauto using cmra_validN_S. Qed.
Lemma cmra_valid_op_l x y : ✓ (x ⋅ y) → ✓ x.
Proof. rewrite !cmra_valid_validN; eauto using cmra_validN_op_l. Qed.
Lemma cmra_validN_op_r n x y : ✓{n} (x ⋅ y) → ✓{n} y.
Proof. rewrite (comm _ x); apply cmra_validN_op_l. Qed.
Lemma cmra_valid_op_r x y : ✓ (x ⋅ y) → ✓ y.
Proof. rewrite !cmra_valid_validN; eauto using cmra_validN_op_r. Qed.

(** ** Units *)
Lemma cmra_unit_r x : x ⋅ unit x ≡ x.
Proof. by rewrite (comm _ x) cmra_unit_l. Qed.
Lemma cmra_unit_unit x : unit x ⋅ unit x ≡ unit x.
Proof. by rewrite -{2}(cmra_unit_idemp x) cmra_unit_r. Qed.
Lemma cmra_unit_validN n x : ✓{n} x → ✓{n} unit x.
Proof. rewrite -{1}(cmra_unit_l x); apply cmra_validN_op_l. Qed.
Lemma cmra_unit_valid x : ✓ x → ✓ unit x.
Proof. rewrite -{1}(cmra_unit_l x); apply cmra_valid_op_l. Qed.

(** ** Order *)
Lemma cmra_included_includedN x y : x ≼ y ↔ ∀ n, x ≼{n} y.
Proof.
  split; [by intros [z Hz] n; exists z; rewrite Hz|].
  intros Hxy; exists (y ⩪ x); apply equiv_dist=> n.
  symmetry; apply cmra_op_minus, Hxy.
Qed.
Global Instance cmra_includedN_preorder n : PreOrder (@includedN A _ _ n).
Proof.
  split.
  - by intros x; exists (unit x); rewrite cmra_unit_r.
  - intros x y z [z1 Hy] [z2 Hz]; exists (z1 ⋅ z2).
    by rewrite assoc -Hy -Hz.
Qed.
Global Instance cmra_included_preorder: PreOrder (@included A _ _).
Proof.
  split; red; intros until 0; rewrite !cmra_included_includedN; first done.
  intros; etrans; eauto.
Qed.
Lemma cmra_validN_includedN n x y : ✓{n} y → x ≼{n} y → ✓{n} x.
Proof. intros Hyv [z ?]; cofe_subst y; eauto using cmra_validN_op_l. Qed.
Lemma cmra_validN_included n x y : ✓{n} y → x ≼ y → ✓{n} x.
Proof. rewrite cmra_included_includedN; eauto using cmra_validN_includedN. Qed.

Lemma cmra_includedN_S n x y : x ≼{S n} y → x ≼{n} y.
Proof. by intros [z Hz]; exists z; apply dist_S. Qed.
Lemma cmra_includedN_le n n' x y : x ≼{n} y → n' ≤ n → x ≼{n'} y.
Proof. induction 2; auto using cmra_includedN_S. Qed.

Lemma cmra_includedN_l n x y : x ≼{n} x ⋅ y.
Proof. by exists y. Qed.
Lemma cmra_included_l x y : x ≼ x ⋅ y.
Proof. by exists y. Qed.
Lemma cmra_includedN_r n x y : y ≼{n} x ⋅ y.
Proof. rewrite (comm op); apply cmra_includedN_l. Qed.
Lemma cmra_included_r x y : y ≼ x ⋅ y.
Proof. rewrite (comm op); apply cmra_included_l. Qed.

Lemma cmra_unit_preserving x y : x ≼ y → unit x ≼ unit y.
Proof. rewrite !cmra_included_includedN; eauto using cmra_unit_preservingN. Qed.
Lemma cmra_included_unit x : unit x ≼ x.
Proof. by exists x; rewrite cmra_unit_l. Qed.
Lemma cmra_preservingN_l n x y z : x ≼{n} y → z ⋅ x ≼{n} z ⋅ y.
Proof. by intros [z1 Hz1]; exists z1; rewrite Hz1 (assoc op). Qed.
Lemma cmra_preserving_l x y z : x ≼ y → z ⋅ x ≼ z ⋅ y.
Proof. by intros [z1 Hz1]; exists z1; rewrite Hz1 (assoc op). Qed.
Lemma cmra_preservingN_r n x y z : x ≼{n} y → x ⋅ z ≼{n} y ⋅ z.
Proof. by intros; rewrite -!(comm _ z); apply cmra_preservingN_l. Qed.
Lemma cmra_preserving_r x y z : x ≼ y → x ⋅ z ≼ y ⋅ z.
Proof. by intros; rewrite -!(comm _ z); apply cmra_preserving_l. Qed.

Lemma cmra_included_dist_l n x1 x2 x1' :
  x1 ≼ x2 → x1' ≡{n}≡ x1 → ∃ x2', x1' ≼ x2' ∧ x2' ≡{n}≡ x2.
Proof.
  intros [z Hx2] Hx1; exists (x1' ⋅ z); split; auto using cmra_included_l.
  by rewrite Hx1 Hx2.
Qed.

(** ** Minus *)
Lemma cmra_op_minus' x y : x ≼ y → x ⋅ y ⩪ x ≡ y.
Proof.
  rewrite cmra_included_includedN equiv_dist; eauto using cmra_op_minus.
Qed.

(** ** Timeless *)
Lemma cmra_timeless_included_l x y : Timeless x → ✓{0} y → x ≼{0} y → x ≼ y.
Proof.
  intros ?? [x' ?].
  destruct (cmra_extend 0 y x x') as ([z z']&Hy&Hz&Hz'); auto; simpl in *.
  by exists z'; rewrite Hy (timeless x z).
Qed.
Lemma cmra_timeless_included_r n x y : Timeless y → x ≼{0} y → x ≼{n} y.
Proof. intros ? [x' ?]. exists x'. by apply equiv_dist, (timeless y). Qed.
Lemma cmra_op_timeless x1 x2 :
  ✓ (x1 ⋅ x2) → Timeless x1 → Timeless x2 → Timeless (x1 ⋅ x2).
Proof.
  intros ??? z Hz.
  destruct (cmra_extend 0 z x1 x2) as ([y1 y2]&Hz'&?&?); auto; simpl in *.
  { by rewrite -?Hz. }
  by rewrite Hz' (timeless x1 y1) // (timeless x2 y2).
Qed.

(** ** RAs with an empty element *)
Section identity.
  Context `{Empty A, !CMRAIdentity A}.
  Lemma cmra_empty_leastN n x : ∅ ≼{n} x.
  Proof. by exists x; rewrite left_id. Qed.
  Lemma cmra_empty_least x : ∅ ≼ x.
  Proof. by exists x; rewrite left_id. Qed.
  Global Instance cmra_empty_right_id : RightId (≡) ∅ (⋅).
  Proof. by intros x; rewrite (comm op) left_id. Qed.
  Lemma cmra_unit_empty : unit ∅ ≡ ∅.
  Proof. by rewrite -{2}(cmra_unit_l ∅) right_id. Qed.
End identity.

(** ** Local updates *)
Global Instance local_update_proper Lv (L : A → A) :
  LocalUpdate Lv L → Proper ((≡) ==> (≡)) L.
Proof. intros; apply (ne_proper _). Qed.

Lemma local_update L `{!LocalUpdate Lv L} x y :
  Lv x → ✓ (x ⋅ y) → L (x ⋅ y) ≡ L x ⋅ y.
Proof. by rewrite equiv_dist=>?? n; apply (local_updateN L). Qed.

Global Instance local_update_op x : LocalUpdate (λ _, True) (op x).
Proof. split. apply _. by intros n y1 y2 _ _; rewrite assoc. Qed.

Global Instance local_update_id : LocalUpdate (λ _, True) (@id A).
Proof. split; auto with typeclass_instances. Qed.

(** ** Updates *)
Global Instance cmra_update_preorder : PreOrder (@cmra_update A).
Proof. split. by intros x y. intros x y y' ?? z ?; naive_solver. Qed.
Lemma cmra_update_updateP x y : x ~~> y ↔ x ~~>: (y =).
Proof.
  split.
  - by intros Hx z ?; exists y; split; [done|apply (Hx z)].
  - by intros Hx n z ?; destruct (Hx n z) as (?&<-&?).
Qed.
Lemma cmra_updateP_id (P : A → Prop) x : P x → x ~~>: P.
Proof. by intros ? n z ?; exists x. Qed.
Lemma cmra_updateP_compose (P Q : A → Prop) x :
  x ~~>: P → (∀ y, P y → y ~~>: Q) → x ~~>: Q.
Proof.
  intros Hx Hy n z ?. destruct (Hx n z) as (y&?&?); auto. by apply (Hy y).
Qed.
Lemma cmra_updateP_compose_l (Q : A → Prop) x y : x ~~> y → y ~~>: Q → x ~~>: Q.
Proof.
  rewrite cmra_update_updateP.
  intros; apply cmra_updateP_compose with (y =); intros; subst; auto.
Qed.
Lemma cmra_updateP_weaken (P Q : A → Prop) x : x ~~>: P → (∀ y, P y → Q y) → x ~~>: Q.
Proof. eauto using cmra_updateP_compose, cmra_updateP_id. Qed.

Lemma cmra_updateP_op (P1 P2 Q : A → Prop) x1 x2 :
  x1 ~~>: P1 → x2 ~~>: P2 → (∀ y1 y2, P1 y1 → P2 y2 → Q (y1 ⋅ y2)) → x1 ⋅ x2 ~~>: Q.
Proof.
  intros Hx1 Hx2 Hy n z ?.
  destruct (Hx1 n (x2 ⋅ z)) as (y1&?&?); first by rewrite assoc.
  destruct (Hx2 n (y1 ⋅ z)) as (y2&?&?);
    first by rewrite assoc (comm _ x2) -assoc.
  exists (y1 ⋅ y2); split; last rewrite (comm _ y1) -assoc; auto.
Qed.
Lemma cmra_updateP_op' (P1 P2 : A → Prop) x1 x2 :
  x1 ~~>: P1 → x2 ~~>: P2 → x1 ⋅ x2 ~~>: λ y, ∃ y1 y2, y = y1 ⋅ y2 ∧ P1 y1 ∧ P2 y2.
Proof. eauto 10 using cmra_updateP_op. Qed.
Lemma cmra_update_op x1 x2 y1 y2 : x1 ~~> y1 → x2 ~~> y2 → x1 ⋅ x2 ~~> y1 ⋅ y2.
Proof.
  rewrite !cmra_update_updateP; eauto using cmra_updateP_op with congruence.
Qed.
Lemma cmra_update_id x : x ~~> x.
Proof. intro. auto. Qed.

Section identity_updates.
  Context `{Empty A, !CMRAIdentity A}.
  Lemma cmra_update_empty x : x ~~> ∅.
  Proof. intros n z; rewrite left_id; apply cmra_validN_op_r. Qed.
  Lemma cmra_update_empty_alt y : ∅ ~~> y ↔ ∀ x, x ~~> y.
  Proof. split; [intros; trans ∅|]; auto using cmra_update_empty. Qed.
End identity_updates.
End cmra.

(** * Properties about monotone functions *)
Instance cmra_monotone_id {A : cmraT} : CMRAMonotone (@id A).
Proof. by split. Qed.
Instance cmra_monotone_compose {A B C : cmraT} (f : A → B) (g : B → C) :
  CMRAMonotone f → CMRAMonotone g → CMRAMonotone (g ∘ f).
Proof.
  split.
  - move=> n x y Hxy /=. by apply includedN_preserving, includedN_preserving.
  - move=> n x Hx /=. by apply validN_preserving, validN_preserving.
Qed.

Section cmra_monotone.
  Context {A B : cmraT} (f : A → B) `{!CMRAMonotone f}.
  Lemma included_preserving x y : x ≼ y → f x ≼ f y.
  Proof.
    rewrite !cmra_included_includedN; eauto using includedN_preserving.
  Qed.
  Lemma valid_preserving x : ✓ x → ✓ f x.
  Proof. rewrite !cmra_valid_validN; eauto using validN_preserving. Qed.
End cmra_monotone.


(** * Transporting a CMRA equality *)
Definition cmra_transport {A B : cmraT} (H : A = B) (x : A) : B :=
  eq_rect A id x _ H.

Section cmra_transport.
  Context {A B : cmraT} (H : A = B).
  Notation T := (cmra_transport H).
  Global Instance cmra_transport_ne n : Proper (dist n ==> dist n) T.
  Proof. by intros ???; destruct H. Qed.
  Global Instance cmra_transport_proper : Proper ((≡) ==> (≡)) T.
  Proof. by intros ???; destruct H. Qed.
  Lemma cmra_transport_op x y : T (x ⋅ y) = T x ⋅ T y.
  Proof. by destruct H. Qed.
  Lemma cmra_transport_unit x : T (unit x) = unit (T x).
  Proof. by destruct H. Qed.
  Lemma cmra_transport_validN n x : ✓{n} T x ↔ ✓{n} x.
  Proof. by destruct H. Qed.
  Lemma cmra_transport_valid x : ✓ T x ↔ ✓ x.
  Proof. by destruct H. Qed.
  Global Instance cmra_transport_timeless x : Timeless x → Timeless (T x).
  Proof. by destruct H. Qed.
  Lemma cmra_transport_updateP (P : A → Prop) (Q : B → Prop) x :
    x ~~>: P → (∀ y, P y → Q (T y)) → T x ~~>: Q.
  Proof. destruct H; eauto using cmra_updateP_weaken. Qed.
  Lemma cmra_transport_updateP' (P : A → Prop) x :
    x ~~>: P → T x ~~>: λ y, ∃ y', y = cmra_transport H y' ∧ P y'.
  Proof. eauto using cmra_transport_updateP. Qed.
End cmra_transport.

(** * Instances *)
(** ** Discrete CMRA *)
Class RA A `{Equiv A, Unit A, Op A, Valid A, Minus A} := {
  (* setoids *)
  ra_op_ne (x : A) : Proper ((≡) ==> (≡)) (op x);
  ra_unit_ne :> Proper ((≡) ==> (≡)) unit;
  ra_validN_ne :> Proper ((≡) ==> impl) valid;
  ra_minus_ne :> Proper ((≡) ==> (≡) ==> (≡)) minus;
  (* monoid *)
  ra_assoc :> Assoc (≡) (⋅);
  ra_comm :> Comm (≡) (⋅);
  ra_unit_l x : unit x ⋅ x ≡ x;
  ra_unit_idemp x : unit (unit x) ≡ unit x;
  ra_unit_preserving x y : x ≼ y → unit x ≼ unit y;
  ra_valid_op_l x y : ✓ (x ⋅ y) → ✓ x;
  ra_op_minus x y : x ≼ y → x ⋅ y ⩪ x ≡ y
}.

Section discrete.
  Context {A : cofeT} `{∀ x : A, Timeless x}.
  Context {v : Valid A} `{Unit A, Op A, Minus A} (ra : RA A).

  Instance discrete_validN : ValidN A := λ n x, ✓ x.
  Definition discrete_cmra_mixin : CMRAMixin A.
  Proof.
    destruct ra; split; unfold Proper, respectful, includedN;
      try setoid_rewrite <-(timeless_iff _ _); try done.
    intros n x y1 y2 ??; exists (y1,y2); split_and?; auto.
    apply (timeless _), dist_le with n; auto with lia.
  Qed.
  Definition discreteRA : cmraT := CMRAT (cofe_mixin A) discrete_cmra_mixin.
  Lemma discrete_updateP (x : discreteRA) (P : A → Prop) :
    (∀ z, ✓ (x ⋅ z) → ∃ y, P y ∧ ✓ (y ⋅ z)) → x ~~>: P.
  Proof. intros Hvalid n z; apply Hvalid. Qed.
  Lemma discrete_update (x y : discreteRA) :
    (∀ z, ✓ (x ⋅ z) → ✓ (y ⋅ z)) → x ~~> y.
  Proof. intros Hvalid n z; apply Hvalid. Qed.
  Lemma discrete_valid (x : discreteRA) : v x → validN_valid x.
  Proof. move=>Hx n. exact Hx. Qed.
End discrete.

(** ** CMRA for the unit type *)
Section unit.
  Instance unit_valid : Valid () := λ x, True.
  Instance unit_unit : Unit () := λ x, x.
  Instance unit_op : Op () := λ x y, ().
  Instance unit_minus : Minus () := λ x y, ().
  Global Instance unit_empty : Empty () := ().
  Definition unit_ra : RA ().
  Proof. by split. Qed.
  Canonical Structure unitRA : cmraT :=
    Eval cbv [unitC discreteRA cofe_car] in discreteRA unit_ra.
  Global Instance unit_cmra_identity : CMRAIdentity unitRA.
  Proof. by split; intros []. Qed.
End unit.

(** ** Product *)
Section prod.
  Context {A B : cmraT}.
  Instance prod_op : Op (A * B) := λ x y, (x.1 ⋅ y.1, x.2 ⋅ y.2).
  Global Instance prod_empty `{Empty A, Empty B} : Empty (A * B) := (∅, ∅).
  Instance prod_unit : Unit (A * B) := λ x, (unit (x.1), unit (x.2)).
  Instance prod_validN : ValidN (A * B) := λ n x, ✓{n} x.1 ∧ ✓{n} x.2.
  Instance prod_minus : Minus (A * B) := λ x y, (x.1 ⩪ y.1, x.2 ⩪ y.2).
  Lemma prod_included (x y : A * B) : x ≼ y ↔ x.1 ≼ y.1 ∧ x.2 ≼ y.2.
  Proof.
    split; [intros [z Hz]; split; [exists (z.1)|exists (z.2)]; apply Hz|].
    intros [[z1 Hz1] [z2 Hz2]]; exists (z1,z2); split; auto.
  Qed.
  Lemma prod_includedN (x y : A * B) n : x ≼{n} y ↔ x.1 ≼{n} y.1 ∧ x.2 ≼{n} y.2.
  Proof.
    split; [intros [z Hz]; split; [exists (z.1)|exists (z.2)]; apply Hz|].
    intros [[z1 Hz1] [z2 Hz2]]; exists (z1,z2); split; auto.
  Qed.
  Definition prod_cmra_mixin : CMRAMixin (A * B).
  Proof.
    split; try apply _.
    - by intros n x y1 y2 [Hy1 Hy2]; split; rewrite /= ?Hy1 ?Hy2.
    - by intros n y1 y2 [Hy1 Hy2]; split; rewrite /= ?Hy1 ?Hy2.
    - by intros n y1 y2 [Hy1 Hy2] [??]; split; rewrite /= -?Hy1 -?Hy2.
    - by intros n x1 x2 [Hx1 Hx2] y1 y2 [Hy1 Hy2];
        split; rewrite /= ?Hx1 ?Hx2 ?Hy1 ?Hy2.
    - by intros n x [??]; split; apply cmra_validN_S.
    - by split; rewrite /= assoc.
    - by split; rewrite /= comm.
    - by split; rewrite /= cmra_unit_l.
    - by split; rewrite /= cmra_unit_idemp.
    - intros n x y; rewrite !prod_includedN.
      by intros [??]; split; apply cmra_unit_preservingN.
    - intros n x y [??]; split; simpl in *; eauto using cmra_validN_op_l.
    - intros n x y; rewrite prod_includedN; intros [??].
      by split; apply cmra_op_minus.
    - intros n x y1 y2 [??] [??]; simpl in *.
      destruct (cmra_extend n (x.1) (y1.1) (y2.1)) as (z1&?&?&?); auto.
      destruct (cmra_extend n (x.2) (y1.2) (y2.2)) as (z2&?&?&?); auto.
      by exists ((z1.1,z2.1),(z1.2,z2.2)).
  Qed.
  Canonical Structure prodRA : cmraT := CMRAT prod_cofe_mixin prod_cmra_mixin.
  Global Instance prod_cmra_identity `{Empty A, Empty B} :
    CMRAIdentity A → CMRAIdentity B → CMRAIdentity prodRA.
  Proof.
    split.
    - split; apply cmra_empty_valid.
    - by split; rewrite /=left_id.
    - by intros ? [??]; split; apply (timeless _).
  Qed.
  Lemma prod_update x y : x.1 ~~> y.1 → x.2 ~~> y.2 → x ~~> y.
  Proof. intros ?? n z [??]; split; simpl in *; auto. Qed.
  Lemma prod_updateP P1 P2 (Q : A * B → Prop)  x :
    x.1 ~~>: P1 → x.2 ~~>: P2 → (∀ a b, P1 a → P2 b → Q (a,b)) → x ~~>: Q.
  Proof.
    intros Hx1 Hx2 HP n z [??]; simpl in *.
    destruct (Hx1 n (z.1)) as (a&?&?), (Hx2 n (z.2)) as (b&?&?); auto.
    exists (a,b); repeat split; auto.
  Qed.
  Lemma prod_updateP' P1 P2 x :
    x.1 ~~>: P1 → x.2 ~~>: P2 → x ~~>: λ y, P1 (y.1) ∧ P2 (y.2).
  Proof. eauto using prod_updateP. Qed.
End prod.
Arguments prodRA : clear implicits.

Instance prod_map_cmra_monotone {A A' B B' : cmraT} (f : A → A') (g : B → B') :
  CMRAMonotone f → CMRAMonotone g → CMRAMonotone (prod_map f g).
Proof.
  split.
  - intros n x y; rewrite !prod_includedN; intros [??]; simpl.
    by split; apply includedN_preserving.
  - by intros n x [??]; split; simpl; apply validN_preserving.
Qed.