Also, make our redefinition of done more robust under different
orders of Importing modules.

Since Coq 8.4 did not backtrack on eauto premises, we used to ensure
that hints like

  Hint Extern 0 (?x ≡{_}≡ ?y) => reflexivity.

were not used for goals involving evars by writing ?x ≡{_}≡ ?y instead
of _ ≡{_}≡ _.

This seems to be a legacy issue that no longer applies to Coq 8.5, so
I have removed these restrictions making these hints thus more powerful.

Also do some minor clean up.

These are hardly used, and confusing since we have so many operations of
different arities that distribute.

The port makes the following notable changes:

* The carrier types of separation algebras and integer environments are no
  longer in Set. Now they have a type at a fixed type level above Set. This
  both works better in 8.5 and makes the formalization more general.
  I have tried putting them at polymorphic type levels, but that increased the
  compilation time by an order of magnitude.
* I am using a custom f_equal tactic written in Ltac to circumvent bug #4069.
  That bug has been fixed, so this custom tactic can be removed when the next
  beta of 8.5 is out.

Ported from popl2014 branch.

Important changes in the core semantics:
* Types extended with function types. Since function types are a special kind
  of pointer types, types now have an additional mutual part called "ptr_type".
* Pointers extended with function pointers. Theses are just names that refer
  to an actual function in the function environment.
* Typing environments extended to assign argument and return types to function
  names. Before we used a separate environment for these, but since the
  argument and return types are already needed to type function pointers, this
  environment would appear in pretty much every typing judgment.

As a side-effect, the frontend has been rewritten entirely. The important
changes are:

* Type checking of expressions is more involved: there is a special kind of
  expression type corresponding to a function designator.
* To handle things like block scoped extern function, more state-fullness was
  needed. To prepare for future extensions, the entire frontend now uses a
  state monad.

* This behavior is "implementation defined" and can be turned on and off
  using the Boolean field "alloc_can_fail" of the class "Env".
* The expression "EAlloc" is now an r-value of pointer type instead of an
  l-value.
* The executable semantics for expressions is now non-deterministic. Hence,
  some proofs had to be revised.

Integers with the same size, are no longer supposed to have the same rank. As a
result, the C integer types (char, short, int, long, long long) are different
(and thus cannot alias) even if they have the same size. We now have to use a
more involved definition of integer promotions and usual arithmetic conversions.
However, this new definition follows the C standard literally.

Memory refinements now carry a boolean parameter that has the following
meaning:

[false] : Behave like a simple renaming of memories that merely allows to
          permute object identifiers. It does not allow to refine memories
          into a more defined version.
[true]  : Behave like before. Objects can be injected, and memory contents can
          be refined into a more defined variant.

We make refinements parametric in these two variant to avoid code duplication,
and because the [false] variant is a special case of the [true] variant.

For completeness of the executable semantics, we now use the [false] variant.

Now it only performs injection on hypotheses of the shape f .. = f ..

variables.

Major changes:
* Make void a base type, and include a proper void base value. This is necessary
  because expressions (free, functions without return value) can yield a void.
  We now also allow void casts conforming to the C standard.
* Various missing lemmas about typing, weakening, decidability, ...
* The operations "free" and "alloc" now operate on l-values instead of r-values.
  This removes some duplication.
* Improve notations of expressions and statements. Change the presence of the
  operators conforming to the C standard.

Small changes:
* Use the classes "Typed" and "TypeCheck" for validity of indexes in memory.
  This gives more uniform notations.
* New tactic "typed_inversion" performs inversion on an inductive predicate
  of type "Typed" and folds the premises.
* Remove a horrible hack in the definitions of the classes "FMap", "MBind",
  "OMap", "Alter" that was used to let "simpl" behave better. Instead, we have
  defined a tactic "csimpl" that folds the results after performing an
  ordinary "simpl".
* Fast operation to remove duplicates from lists using hashsets.
* Make various type constructors (mainly finite map implementations) universe
  polymorphic by packing them into an inductive. This way, the whole C syntax
  can live in type, avoiding the need for (slow) universe checks.

Major changes:
* A data structure to collect locked addresses in memory.
* Operations to lock and unlock addresses.
* Remove [ctree_Forall] and express it using [Forall] and [ctree_flatten]. This
  saves a lot of lines of code.
* Add a [void] value. This value cannot be typed, but will be used as a dummy
  return value for functions with return type [void].

Minor changes:
* Various deciders in preparation of the executable semantics.
* Improve naming and notations.
* Remove obsolete stuff.

This commit includes the following changes:
* More theorems about pre-, partial and total orders.
* Define the lexicographic order on various commonly used data types.
* Mergesort and its correctness proof.
* Implement finite maps and sets using ordered association lists.